醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)療詞匯

一、 內(nèi)外科常用字匯（１）

心血管系統(tǒng)

The Cardiovascular System

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心機(jī)梗塞

Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心電圖

Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血壓性心臟血管疾病

Congential Heart Disease 先天性心臟病

Hemangioma 血管瘤

Vasodilatation 血管擴(kuò)張

Arteriosclerosis 動(dòng)脈硬化

Hypertension 高血壓

Hypertrophy 肥大

Hypotension 低血壓

Varicose veins 靜脈曲張

血液及淋巴系統(tǒng)

The Hemic and Lymphatic System

Adenitis 腺炎

Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病

Leukocyte 白血球

Leukocytopenia白血球減少

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性紅斑性狼瘡

Splenomegaly 脾腫大

Anemia貧血

Aseptic 無(wú)菌的

Septicemia敗血癥

Hemostasis 止血

Transfusion輸血

呼吸系統(tǒng)

The Respiratory System

Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞

Mucosa 黏膜

Exhale呼吸

Apnea窒息

Tachypnea呼吸急促

Pneumonia肺炎

Bronchitis支氣管炎

Lung Empyema 肺積膿

消化系統(tǒng)

The Digestive System

Short of breath 呼吸短促

Dysphasia說(shuō)話困難

Aphasia 失語(yǔ)癥

Aphonia失聲

Dysphagia 吞咽困難

Gingivitis 齒齦炎

Pharyngitis 咽炎

Laryngitis 喉炎

Esophagoscopy 食道鏡檢查

Esophagus stricture 食道狹窄

Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺術(shù)

Gastric cancer 胃癌

Gastritis 胃炎

Gastroenteritis胃腸炎

Gastrorrhagia胃出血

Pyloric obstruction 幽門(mén)阻塞

Duodenal Ulcer 十二指腸潰瘍

Peritonitis 腹膜炎

Enterorrhagia 腸出血

Enterorrhexis 腸破裂

Appendicitis 闌尾炎

Colon cancer結(jié)腸癌

Proctoscopy 直腸鏡檢查

Rectal cancer 直腸癌

Anal Fistual 肛門(mén)廔管

External hemorrhoid 外痔

Internal hemorrhoid 內(nèi)痔

Excretion 排泄

Hepatitis肝炎

Hepatomegaly 肝腫大

Gall Stone 膽結(jié)石

Cholelithiasis 膽石癥

Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化

Ascites腹水

－、內(nèi)外科常用詞匯（２）

內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)

The Endocrine System

Glycemia糖血癥

Goiter 甲狀腺腫

Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病

Diabetes Insipidus尿崩癥

Bromidrosis汗臭癥

Pituitary Tumor 腦下垂體腫瘤

神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

The Nervous System

Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 腦動(dòng)脈硬化

Cerebral Hemorrhage 腦出血

Cerebral Edema 腦水腫

Cerebra Palsy腦性麻痹

Cerebral Thrombosis 腦栓塞

Cranial Neruritis 腦神經(jīng)炎

Intracranial Hemorrhage 顱內(nèi)出血

Encephalitis 腦炎

Electromyography 肌電圖

Neuritis神經(jīng)炎

Epilepsy 癜癇

Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神經(jīng)痛

Rachitis 痀僂癥

Rachioscoliiosis脊柱側(cè)彎

Spondylitis 脊椎炎

Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹

Paraplegia 下半身癱瘓

Immediately loss of consciousness 立即喪失意識(shí)

Eye opening睜眼反應(yīng)

Verbal response 語(yǔ)言反應(yīng)

Motor response 運(yùn)動(dòng)反應(yīng)

Corneal reflex 角膜反射

Plantar reflex 膝反射

Sciatica坐骨神經(jīng)痛

Chorea 舞蹈癥

Muscle atrophy 肌萎縮

Migraine 偏頭痛

Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式癥

Brain Swelling 腦腫脹

brain Concussion 腦震蕩

brain Anoxia腦缺氧癥

brain Death 腦死

肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng)

The Musculoskeletal System

Anterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韌帶

Rheumatoid Arthritis 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎

Arthrosclerosis關(guān)節(jié)硬化

Degenerated Joint Disease變性關(guān)節(jié)炎

Clavicle Fracture 鎖骨骨折

Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折

Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏

Matastatic Lesion轉(zhuǎn)移性損害

Osteoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松癥

Amputation 截肢

Bone graft 骨移植

Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻

Prosthesis Replacement 人工彌補(bǔ)置換術(shù)

Range of Motion 運(yùn)動(dòng)范圍

Varus 內(nèi)翻

Chondromalacia軟骨軟化癥

－、內(nèi)外科常用詞匯（３）

泌尿及男性生殖系統(tǒng)

The Urinary and Male Reproductive System

Cystitis 膀胱炎

Circumcision包皮環(huán)割術(shù)

Cystoscopy 膀胱鏡檢查

Hydronephrosis腎水腫

Renal Stone 腎結(jié)石

Acute Renal Failure 急性腎衰竭

Cryptorchidism 隱睪癥

Spermatogenesis精子生成

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性攝護(hù)腺肥大

Ureteral stenosis 輸尿管狹窄

Dysuria 排尿困難

Hematuria血尿

Uremia尿毒癥

Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染

Vasoligation 輸精管結(jié)扎

Impotence 陽(yáng)萎

特殊感覺(jué)器官

The Organs of Special Senses

Audiometer 聽(tīng)力計(jì)

Otitis耳炎

Otorrhea耳漏

Tympanitis中耳炎

Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破術(shù)

Nasitis鼻炎

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌

Rhinorrhea 鼻溢

Intraocular Foreign Body 眼內(nèi)異物

Intraocular pressure 眼內(nèi)壓

Oculus Uterque 雙眼

Oculus Sinister 左眼

Oculus Dexter 右眼

Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌

Ophthalmologist 眼科醫(yī)師

Diplopia 復(fù)視

Myopia 近視

Blepharoptosis 眼瞼下垂

Corneitis 角膜炎

Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等

Retinopexy 視網(wǎng)膜固定術(shù)

Retinal Detachment 視網(wǎng)膜剝落

Visual field 視野

Vocal nodular 聲帶結(jié)節(jié)

Dermatologist 皮膚科醫(yī)師

Dermatitis皮膚炎

Cataract白內(nèi)障

Glaucoma青光眼

綜合性字匯

Contraceptive避孕的

Contraindication 禁忌癥

Biology 生物學(xué)

Hyperemesis 劇吐

Polydipsia劇渴

Homosexual 同性的

Heterosexual 異性的

Inject 注射

Lipoma 脂肪瘤

Lipoid 脂肪樣的

Lipomatosis 脂肪過(guò)多癥

Malformaiton 畸形

Malaise 不適

Necrosis壞死

Nocturia 夜尿癥

Ployuria 多尿

Narcotics 麻醉藥

Hyperplasia 增殖

Dysplasia 發(fā)育不良

Dyspepsia 消化不良

Prognosis 預(yù)後

Antipyretic 解熱劑

Hydrophobia 恐水癥

Photophobia 畏光

Antibiotic 抗生素

Syndrome 癥候群

Hydrotherapy 水療法

Perforation 穿孔

Percussion叩診

Visceralgia臟器痛

二、婦產(chǎn)科常用字匯

Genital 生殖的

Gynecology 婦科

Menstruation 月經(jīng)

Menopause 更年期

Menorrhagia經(jīng)血過(guò)多

Amenorrhea 無(wú)月經(jīng)

Dysmenorrhea經(jīng)痛

Menarche初經(jīng)

Cervical cancer 子宮頸癌

Cervical Erosion子宮頸糜爛

Cervicitis子宮頸炎

Perineum會(huì)陰

Endometriosis子宮內(nèi)膜異位

Ovary 卵巢

Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊腫

Ovulation排卵

Vaginitis陰道炎

Colposcopy 陰道鏡檢法

Galactocele乳腺囊腫

Mammography 乳房X光攝影術(shù)

Infertility 不孕癥

InVitro Fertilization 體外受精

Amnion 羊膜

Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺術(shù)

Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞

Hydramnion 羊水過(guò)多

Anterpartal 產(chǎn)前的

Antepartum 分娩前

Chorionic Villi Sampling 絨毛膜絨毛取樣

Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎頭骨盆不對(duì)稱(chēng)

Artificial Insemination 人工受精

Engagement 進(jìn)入產(chǎn)位

Estrogen動(dòng)情基素

Colostrum 初乳

Termination of Pregnancy 終止懷孕

Corpus Luteum 黃體

Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩

Venereal Disease 性病

Tubal Ligation 輸卵管結(jié)扎

Laparoscope 腹腔鏡

Embryo 胚胎

Ectopic Gestation 子宮外孕

Primipara 初產(chǎn)婦

Attitude of Fetus 胎兒體位

Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中

Multipara 經(jīng)產(chǎn)婦

Parity 經(jīng)產(chǎn)

Placenta Previa前置胎盤(pán)

Postpartum 產(chǎn)後

Postpartum hemorrhage產(chǎn)後出血

Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血癥

Adolescence青春期

Basal Body Temperature 基礎(chǔ)體溫

Cesarean Section 剖腹產(chǎn)

Expected Date of Confinement 預(yù)產(chǎn)期

Fallopian Tube 輸卵管

Forceps 產(chǎn)鉗

Hydatidiform Mole 水囊狀胎塊

Labor Pain陣痛

Painless Labor 無(wú)痛分娩

Molding胎頭變形

Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生產(chǎn)

Papanicolaou Smear 子宮頸抹片檢查

Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水

Progesterone黃體素

Stillbrith死產(chǎn)

Suture 縫合

Stump殘物

Withdrawal Bleeding 停經(jīng)出血

三、小兒科常用字匯

Apnea呼吸暫停

Aplastic Anemia再生不良性貧血

Arterio Venous Malformation 動(dòng)靜脈畸形

Bronchial Asthma支氣管性氣喘

Bronchitis支氣管炎

Cephalopematoma頭血腫

Erythema紅斑

Hypospadia尿道下裂

Dehydration 脫水

Hydrocephalus水腦

Hydrocele 陰囊積水

Polydactylia多指畸形

Pyoderma膿皮癥

Sepsis 敗血癥

Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎

Encephalitis腦炎

Gastroenteritis腸胃炎

Necrotizing Enterocolitis壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎

Malignant惡性的

Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形

Neonatal Asphyxia新生兒窒息

Cleft Palate 顎裂

Diarrhea腹瀉

Dental Caries 齲齒

Facial Nerve Paralysis 顏面神經(jīng)麻痹

Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹

Torticollis斜頸

Vaccine疫苗

Incubator 保溫箱

Cleft lip 兔唇

Chicken pox 水痘

Club foot 畸足

Diphtheria白喉

Dengue fever 登革熱

Eczema濕疹

Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒

German Measles/ Rubella德國(guó)麻疹

Giant baby巨嬰

Gonorrhea 淋病

Hepatitis B B型肝炎

Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病

Jaundice 黃疸

Mongolian spots 蒙古斑

Mumps 腮腺炎

Respiratory arrest呼吸停止

Roseola infantum幼兒玫瑰疹

Vomiting嘔吐

四、精神科常用字匯

Mental retardation 智能不足

autism自閉癥

dement 癡呆癥

alzheimer's dementia阿爾茲海默式形癡呆癥

alcoholism 酒癮

substances Intoxication 物質(zhì)中毒

alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒

amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒

schizophrenia精神分裂病

delusional Disorder 妄想性病患

Major Depressive Disorder重郁癥疾患

phobia畏懼癥

obsessive-Compulsive Disorder強(qiáng)迫性病患

pedophilia戀童癖

exhibitionism 暴露狂

Transvestic Fetishism扮異性戀物癖

Gender Identity Disorders 性別認(rèn)同疾患

Anorexia Nervosa心因性厭食癥

Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食癥

臨床癥狀

blunted affect 感情遲鈍

silly Laughter 傻笑

apathy冷漠

irritable 易怒的

euphoria欣快感

depression 憂郁

ambivalence感情矛盾

Flat Affect感情平淡

suicide attempt 自殺企圖

queer behavior 怪異行為

bizarre behavior 特異行為

hypertalkative 多話

hypotalkative 少話

mutistic不語(yǔ)

hyperactivity 活動(dòng)過(guò)多

hypoactivity 活動(dòng)過(guò)少

compulsive behavior 強(qiáng)迫行為

verbigeration 重復(fù)語(yǔ)言

catelepsy 僵直

negativism阻抗行動(dòng)

Mannerism作態(tài)行為

destrctive behavior 破壞行為

autistic thinking 自閉性思考

poverty of speech 言語(yǔ)貧乏

flight of ideas 意念飛躍

loosening of association 思考連結(jié)松散

illogical thinking 不合邏輯思考

pressure speech 言語(yǔ)急迫

thought blocking 思考中斷

incoherent 語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次

thought Withdrawal 思想退縮

irrelevant 答非所問(wèn)

delusion 妄想

delusion of persecution 被害妄想

delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想

Phobia 恐懼癥

acrophobia 懼高癥

algophobia 懼痛癥

sexual drive 性欲

illusion 錯(cuò)覺(jué)

hallucination 幻覺(jué)

auditory hallucination 聽(tīng)幻覺(jué)

disoreinatation 失去定向力

amnesia記憶喪失癥

confabulation 虛談癥

orientation 定向力

judgement 判斷力

derealization 失真感

insight病識(shí)感

no insight 無(wú)病識(shí)感

intellectual insight 理性的病識(shí)感

true emotional insight 真正具有情緒性病識(shí)感

心理學(xué)名詞

free association 自由聯(lián)想

dream analysis 夢(mèng)的解析

ego 自我

id 原我

super ego 超我

ego boundary 自我界限

libido 原欲

scapegoat 代罪羔羊

internal conflict 內(nèi)在沖突

conscious 意識(shí)

unconscious 潛意識(shí)

preconscious前意識(shí)

transference 情感轉(zhuǎn)移

depersonalization 人格解體

derealization 脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)

neurosis神經(jīng)精神病

Psychosis神經(jīng)病

Pleasure Principle 享樂(lè)原則

Reality Principle 現(xiàn)實(shí)原則

Moral Principle 道德原則

Predisposing Factors 潛在因素

Precipitating Factors 誘發(fā)因素

Defense Mechanism 防衛(wèi)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)

compensation 補(bǔ)償作用

conversion 轉(zhuǎn)化作用

denial 否認(rèn)作用

displacement 轉(zhuǎn)移作用

dissociation 解離作用

fantasy 幻想作用

identification 認(rèn)同作用

introjection 內(nèi)射作用

projection 外射作用

retionalization 合理化作用

reaction formation 反向作用

degression 退化作用

repression 潛抑作用

suppression 壓抑作用

restitution 歸還作用

sublimation 升華作用

substitution 取代作用

symbolism 象徵作用

undoing 抵銷(xiāo)作用

distortion 曲解作用

isolation 隔離作用

Cognitive behavioral Therapy認(rèn)知行為治療

Empathy 同理心

Resistance阻抗

testing out behavior 試探行為

self-awareness自我了解

separation anxiety 分離焦慮

reinforcement 增強(qiáng)原則

catharsis 情緒宣泄

confrontation 面質(zhì)

listen 傾聽(tīng)

restraint 約束

physical restraint 身體的約束

chemical 藥物的約束

五、各科常用縮寫(xiě)

A

AAD against-advice discharge 自動(dòng)出院

A abdomen 腹部

ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活動(dòng)

A/G albumin /globulin ration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例

AK above knee 膝上

B.

BE below elbow 肘下

BH body height 身高

b.i.d twice a day 一日兩次

Bil bilateral兩側(cè)的

BK below knee 膝下

BM bowel movement 腸蠕動(dòng)

BMR basal metabolic rate 基礎(chǔ)代謝率

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性攝護(hù)腺肥大

BTI biliary tract infection膽道感染

BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便

BW body weight 體重

C.

Ca. Carcinoma 癌

CBC complete blood count 全血球計(jì)數(shù)

CBD common bile duct 總膽管

CH cerebral hemorrhage 腦出血

Chest P-A chest posterio-anterio 前後胸部

CO cardiac output 心輸出量

CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)

CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻竇炎

C/T chemotherapy 化學(xué)治療法

CT cerebral thrombosis 腦栓塞

CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 電腦斷層檢查

CVA cerebral vascular accident 腦血管意外

CVP central venous pressure 中心靜脈壓

D.

DC discontinue 停止

D&C dilatation and curettage 擴(kuò)張及刮除術(shù)

DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病

DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破傷風(fēng)

DU duodenal ulcer 十二指腸潰傷

E.

ECG eletrocardiogram 心電圖

EEG electroecephalogram 腦電波圖

ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉

F.

FH family history 家族史

FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音

FOU fever of unknown 不明原因發(fā)燒

Fr fracture 骨折

G.

GB gall bladder 膽囊

GI tract gastric intestinal tract 胃腸道

GSR general surgical routine 一般外科常規(guī)

gtt. Drops 滴

GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的

GYN gynecology 婦科學(xué)

H

Hb hemoglobin 血色素

HICH hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血壓性腦內(nèi)出血

h.s. at bedtime 睡前

HT Hypertension 高血壓

Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容積

Hx History 病例

I

ICP Intermittent catheterization program 間歇性導(dǎo)尿

ICU Intensive care unit 加護(hù)病房

ICT Intracerebral tumor腦內(nèi)腫瘤

I & D Incision and drainage 切開(kāi)及流

IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高臚內(nèi)壓

Imp. Impression 臆斷

IM Intramuscular 肌肉內(nèi)的

I & O Intake and output 輸入及排出

IV Intravenous 靜脈內(nèi)的

IVKO Intravenous keep open 靜脈點(diǎn)滴維持通暢

J

Jej. Jejunum 空腸

Jt. Joint 關(guān)節(jié)

K

Kn. Knee 膝

KUB Kidney, ureter, baldder 腎、輸尿管及膀胱

L.

LFT liver function test肝功能試驗(yàn)

LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限

LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月經(jīng)

M

MBD may be discharged 可出院

MN midnight 午夜

N

NKA non known allergy 不明原因的過(guò)敏

NP nothing particular 并無(wú)特別的

NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌

NPO nothing by mouth 禁食

O.

OA osteo-arthritis 骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎

OB occult blood 潛血

OBS obstetrics 產(chǎn)科

OP operation 手術(shù)

OPD outpatient department 門(mén)診

Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矯行的

OS ocular sinistro 左眼

OT occupational therapy 職能治療

OU Both eyes 雙眼

P

p.c. after meals 飯後

PCT Penicillin test 盤(pán)尼西林測(cè)驗(yàn)

PE Physical examination 身體檢查

PI Present illness 目前病況

p.o. by mouth 由口

PPU Perforated petic ulcer 穿孔性胃潰瘍

PT Physical therapy 物理治療

PTA Prior to admission 入院前

PTN Parenteral total nutrition 腸道外的高營(yíng)養(yǎng)

Q

Q   every 每一

q.d. every day 每日

q.h every hour 每小時(shí)

q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次

q.m. every morning 每日早晨

q.n. every night 每日晚間

R

RA rheumatoid a arthritis 類(lèi)風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎

RBC red blood cell 紅血球

RN registered nurse 護(hù)理師

R/O rule out 可能是

RR recovery room 恢復(fù)室

R/T radio-therapy test 放射治療

RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限

Rx take取拿

   Medication 處方

   Treatment 治療

S

Sc. Subcutaneous 皮下的

SOB short of breath 呼吸短促

SP.g.r. specific gravity 比重

S/P status/ post operation 手術(shù)後

s-s half 一半

St(stat) immediately 立刻

Staph. Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌

T

t.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次

TPR Temperature, pulse, respirations 體溫、脈搏、呼吸

TURP   Trans-urethral resection of prostate 經(jīng)尿道切除攝護(hù)腺

U

URI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染

W

WBC White blood cell 白血球

     White blood count 白血球計(jì)數(shù)

Y

Y/O year old 年齡

Z zero 零

六、解剖式內(nèi)外科常用詞匯

The cardiovascular system 心血管系統(tǒng)

lungs 肺臟

venis

vessels血管

capillaries微血管

cardi 心臟

arteries

blood clot凝血

The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系統(tǒng)

Blood 血液

Red blood cell 紅血球

White blood cell白血球

Platelet血小板

The Respiratory System 呼吸系統(tǒng)

Bronchial tube主支氣管

Alveoii氣泡

Pharynx咽

Larynx喉

Trachea氣管

Lung肺

Bronchioles小支氣管

Pleura胸膜

Chest 胸

Air 氣

The Digestive System 消化系統(tǒng)

Lips唇

teeth 牙齒

tongue舌

bile duct 膽管

gallbladder 膽囊

duodenum十二指腸

jejunum空腸

ileum 回腸

appendix 闌尾

small intestine小腸

large intestine大腸

rectum 直腸

anus 肛門(mén)

pancreas胰

stomach 胃

esophagus食道

pharynx咽

The Endocrine System

Glands 腺體

Adrenals腎上腺

Pancreas胰

Pituitary 腦下腺

Thyroid and parathyroids 甲狀腺和副甲狀腺

Breasts 乳房

Ovaries 卵巢

Testes睪丸

The Nervous System

Brain 腦

Spinal cord 脊髓

Vertebra脊椎

Cranium顱腔

Meninges腦膜

Nerves神經(jīng)

The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系統(tǒng)

Skull 頭骨

Clavicle鎖骨

Sternum 胸骨

Ribs 助骨

Joints 關(guān)節(jié)

Ligaments 韌帶

Tendons 肌腱

Cartilage 軟骨

The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系統(tǒng)

Cortex皮質(zhì)

Urinary膀胱

Urethra尿道

Ureters輸尿管

Kidney 腎臟

Renal pelvis 腎孟

Vas deferens精管

Urinary bladder 膀胱

prostate gland前列腺

scrotum 陰囊

testis 睪丸

penis陰莖

urethra尿道

The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感覺(jué)器官

Acoustic nerve聽(tīng)神經(jīng)

Ear 耳朵

Hearing 聽(tīng)覺(jué)的

tube 耳咽管

Eardrum 耳骨膜

Eustachian 歐式管

Nasal cavities鼻腔

Nose 鼻

Eyelid眼瞼

Lens晶球體

Carnea角膜

Tear duct淚管

Conjunctiva結(jié)膜

Choroid layer 脈絡(luò)膜

Retina視網(wǎng)膜

Sclera鞏膜

Optic nerve視神經(jīng)

Obstetrics & Hynecology 婦產(chǎn)科常用字匯

Fallopian tube輸卵管

Ovary 卵巢

Uterus子宮

Vagina陰道

Vulva女陰(外生殖器官)

腦部系統(tǒng)

cerebrum 大腦

corpus callosum 胼胝體

thalamus 視丘

cerebellum 小腦

diencephalon 間腦

cerebral peduncles大腦腳

infundibulum漏斗

hypophysis 腦下垂體

midbrain 中腦

pons 橋腦

medulla 延腦

brain stem 腦干

眼球構(gòu)造

pupil 瞳孔

suspensory ligaments 懸韌帶

ciliary process捷狀突

retinal veins網(wǎng)膜靜脈

retinal arteries網(wǎng)膜動(dòng)脈

optic nerve視神經(jīng)

anterior chamber前眼房

posterior chamber 後眼房

iris虹膜

vitreous body 玻璃狀體

internal rectus muscle 內(nèi)直肌

lacrimal puncta淚孔

lacrimal canaliculi淚小管

lacrimal gland 淚腺

excretory lacrimal duct 淚腺管

eyebrow眉毛

耳朵構(gòu)造

cochlea 耳蝸

eustachian tube 耳咽管

helix 耳殼

tympanic membrance 鼓膜

external auditory canal 外耳道

semicircular canals半規(guī)管

malleus錘骨

vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蝸神經(jīng)

口腔

gingiva 齒齦

molars 大臼齒

premolars 小臼齒

canines犬齒

incisors 門(mén)齒

vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭

upper lip 上唇

upper lip frenulum 上唇系帶

alveolar provess齒槽突

hard palate硬顎

palatine tonsil顎扁桃腺

sublingual caruncle 舌下阜

七、癌癥相關(guān)單詞

1. gastric cancer胃癌

2. pancreatic cancer胰臟癌

3. colon cancer結(jié)腸癌

4. rectal cancer直腸癌

5. prostate cancer攝護(hù)腺癌

6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌

7. cervical cancer子宮頸癌

8. lung cancer肺癌

9. esophageal cancer食道癌

10. bladder cancer膀胱癌

11. laryngl caner喉癌

12. ovarian cancer軟巢癌

13. liver cancer肝癌

14. skin cancer皮膚癌

15. breast cancer乳癌

16. leukemia血癌

17. bone cancer骨癌

18. brain tumor腦癌

19. heart disease 心臟病

20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤

八、醫(yī)院內(nèi)常見(jiàn)單詞

Hospital 醫(yī)院

Nursing school = nursing home 護(hù)理學(xué)校

(nursing home) Private convalescence

hospital慢性疾病或恢復(fù)期的患者寮養(yǎng)的私立小醫(yī)院

(nursery school) 處理幼稚園之幼兒的地方

Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 內(nèi)科

Resident in medicine 內(nèi)科住院醫(yī)師

Chief of Medicine 內(nèi)科主任 (Medical man)

Internist = intern = intern 實(shí)習(xí)生 (Internist = 內(nèi)科醫(yī)師)

House officer 醫(yī)院醫(yī)師的稱(chēng)呼

Junior and senior students 醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)生(通常3或4學(xué)生)

Extern 醫(yī)院實(shí)習(xí)生

Clinical clerk 從事病歷記錄實(shí)習(xí)之學(xué)生

Student nurse 護(hù)理學(xué)生

Graduate nurse護(hù)理學(xué)校畢業(yè)的護(hù)士

Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考試許可證

Supervisor督導(dǎo)護(hù)士

Head nurse護(hù)士長(zhǎng)

Scrub nurse 手術(shù)助理護(hù)士

Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 開(kāi)業(yè)醫(yī)生

Ambulance = ambulatory 救護(hù)車(chē)(不限於車(chē)子 只要是搬運(yùn)病人的船或飛機(jī))

Ambulant 可走動(dòng) 不必臥床的病人

Ambulantory patient住院患者可走動(dòng) (May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib,

may walk)

Malingerer 裝病的人 (malinger 裝病)

Paretic 麻痹患者

Malpractice 診療錯(cuò)誤

Emergency room 急診室

Ward 病房

station護(hù)理站

por恢復(fù)室

Patient患者,病人

Narcotic 麻醉藥

Nurse護(hù)士

Doctor 醫(yī)生

Internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生

Surgeon外科醫(yī)生

Dentist 牙科醫(yī)生

Gynecologist 婦科醫(yī)生

Orthopedist 骨科醫(yī)生

Oculist 眼科醫(yī)生

Pediatrician 小兒科醫(yī)生

Psychiatrist 精神病醫(yī)生

Intern實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生

Examination table 診療臺(tái)

Clinical thermometer 體溫計(jì)

Stethoscope 聽(tīng)診器

Reflector 反光鏡

X-ray checkup X 光檢查

X-ray photograph X光像片

Operation 手術(shù)

Scalpel 手術(shù)刀

Syringe 針筒

Hypodermic needle 注射針

Injection 注射

Ice bag 冰袋

Fixation forceps 固定鑷

Medicine, drug藥品

Bandage 繃帶

Absorbent cotton 脫脂棉

Gauze 紗布

Mask 口罩

Wheel chair 輪椅

Crutches 柺杖

Ambulance 救護(hù)車(chē)

Stretcher 擔(dān)架

Chart 病歷表

Prescription處方

Blood pressure 血壓

Blood type 血型

Artificial respiration 人工呼吸

Pill 藥丸

Capsule膠囊

Ointment 軟膏

Iodine tincture 碘酒

Sedative 鎮(zhèn)靜劑

Intensive care unit 加護(hù)病房

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)

Intravenous drip 點(diǎn)滴

Chemotherapy化學(xué)治療

Computerized Topography電腦斷層

magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振

Bureau of National Health Insurance中央健保局

Fracture骨折

Gypsum 石膏

九、病歷表內(nèi)常見(jiàn)單詞

Front sheet, Summary sheet 首頁(yè),摘要表

History sheet 病歷表

Physical examination sheet 身體檢查表

Physician's order sheet 醫(yī)囑單

Physician's progress note 醫(yī)生用病情進(jìn)展記錄

Laboratory reports 檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告

Radiographic reports X光檢查報(bào)告

Nursing notes 護(hù)理記錄

Graphic chart 圖式病歷

Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要

Operation report 手術(shù)報(bào)告

Anesthesia record 麻醉記錄

Consultation sheet 會(huì)診單

Intake and output sheet 攝取與排泄記錄

Consent (or permission) for operation 手術(shù)同意書(shū)

Emergency room record 急診室記錄

住院病歷表

身份調(diào)查事項(xiàng) ( identifying data or biographic data)

admission date 住院日期

hospital number = chart number 病歷號(hào)碼

room number 病房號(hào)碼

name

sex

age

birth date

birth place

marital status = civil status 婚姻狀況

address

occupation

empolyer 雇主公司行號(hào)

health insurance number 醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)號(hào)碼

referring physician 轉(zhuǎn)介醫(yī)生

各系統(tǒng)的表現(xiàn)狀況--全身狀態(tài)

不適感

malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)

feel unwell (ill, poorly)

疲勞感.倦怠感

lassitude

fatigue

tiredness

weariness

languor

lack of energy (vigor)

listlessness

exhaustion

worn-out

虛脫 無(wú)力狀態(tài)

weakness

feebleness

lack (loss) of strength

debility

powerlessness

prostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion)

asthenia

睡眠狀態(tài)

sleep

slumber (=light sleep)

a nap (=a short sleep)

a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)

入睡 fall asleep ; go to sleep

小睡 take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse

欲睡的 sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic

睡意 sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence

摧睡 become(= feel =get) sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent)

睡眠不足 loss(= lack = want) of sleep

失眠 insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep

失眠癥的人 insomniac

熟睡 sound (profound) sleep

睡醒a(bǔ)wake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken

作夢(mèng) dream

惡夢(mèng) nightmare

夢(mèng)游癥 sleepwalking ; somnambulism

夢(mèng)游病者 sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker

體重方面(weight ; body weight)

體重為 weigh~ ; be ~ in weight

最高 maximum

最低 minimum

平均 average

最適 optimum

現(xiàn)在 present

體重減少 weight loss ; loss of weight

體重增加 weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight

瘦 thin ; lean ; skinny

瘦弱 emaciated (emaciation)

肥胖 fat ; stout ; fatty

體溫狀況(body temperature

量體溫 take one's temperature

發(fā)燒 fever ; pyrexia ; rise (elevation) of temperature ; increase in temperature

發(fā)燒的 feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial

無(wú)發(fā)燒的 afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial

發(fā)冷 a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit

寒顫 shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills

退熱 fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit

發(fā)汗 sweating ; perspiration

弛張熱 remittent fever

間歇熱 intermittent fever

連續(xù)熱 continuous fever

危險(xiǎn)期 by crisis

轉(zhuǎn)輕期 by lysis

疼痛方面

偏頭痛 migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;

後頭部痛 occipital pain

側(cè)頭部痛 temporal pain

前頭部痛 frontal pain

頭痛 have(suffer) a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head

耳痛 earache ; sore ears ; toalgia

咽喉痛 sore throat ; pharyngalgia

眼痛 have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurt(smart)

齒痛 toothache

胸痛 chest pain

心前部痛 precordial pain

心絞痛 anginal pain

胸股下後痛 substernal (retrosternal) pain

胸膜炎痛 pleuritic pain

腹痛 abdominal pain ; belly(stomach) ache

上腹痛 epigastric pain ; pain in the epigastrium

上腹部痛 upper abdominal pain

下腹部痛 lower abdominal pain

左上腹部痛 left upper quadrant pain

側(cè)腹部痛 flank pain

背痛 backache

腰痛 low backache ; lumbago

關(guān)節(jié)痛 joint pain

肌肉痛 muscular pain

神經(jīng)痛 neuralgia

絞痛 colic ; colicky pain

膽石絞痛 biliary or gallstone colic

腎石痛 renal colic

痛 cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic

博動(dòng)痛 throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain

轉(zhuǎn)移性痛 radiating pain ; pain with radiation

牽連痛 referred pain

電擊痛 lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain

帶狀痛 girdle pain

神經(jīng)根性痛 root pain

空腹痛 hunger pain

夜間痛 nocturnal pain

自發(fā)痛 spontaneous pain

壓痛 tenderness

固定痛fixed (steady) pain

灼熱痛 burning pain

刺狀痛 lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing

分裂狀頭痛 splitting ; racking

撕裂狀痛 tearing ; rending ;

鈍痛 dull ; obtuse ;

劇烈痛 sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe

不斷陣痛 gnawing ; griping

擦傷痛 stinging ; smarting ; sore

針刺痛 pricking ; pricking

呼吸器管和循環(huán)器管系統(tǒng)

呼吸 breath ; respiration

呼吸困難 difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea

呼吸短促 be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath

深呼吸 breathe deeply

嘆息 sigh ; draw a long breath

喘息 pant

端坐呼吸 orthopnea

勞動(dòng)時(shí)呼吸困難 exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion( physical activity)

夜間呼吸困難 nocturnal dyspnea

呼吸快速 tachypnea ; rapid breathing

喘嗚 wheeze ; wheezing

打噴嚏 sneezing ; sneeze

打嗝 hiccup (hiccough) ; singultus

咳嗽 cough

陣發(fā)性咳嗽 have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal

清喉 clear the throat

乾咳 dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough

有痰咳 productive cough ; cough with sputum

喀痰 sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate

喀血 hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration

粘喀痰 viscid (tenaceous ; thick ) sputum

濃喀痰 frothy sputum

泡沫狀喀痰 mucoid sputum

膿性喀痰 purulent sputum

血性喀痰 bloody sputum

混血喀痰 blood-streaked sputum

綠色喀痰 greenish sputum

銹色喀痰 rusty sputum

感冒 common cold

流形性感冒 influenze ; flu ; grippe

上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory infection (U.R.I.)

胸膜炎 pleruisy

氣喘 asthma

心悸 palpitation

悸動(dòng) palpitate ; throb

脈搏暫停 pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse (heart beat)

速脈 rapid pulse ; tachycardia

徐脈 slow pulse ; bradycardia

高血壓 high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension

心臟麻痹 heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill

狹心癥 angina (=angina pectoris)

心臟瓣膜癥 valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve (leaky heart)

動(dòng)脈硬化 hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis

血液循環(huán)不佳have a poor circulation of blood

間歇性跛行 intermittent claudication

消化器官系統(tǒng)

食欲不振 a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia

食欲增進(jìn) increase (improvement) of appetite

無(wú)食欲 have no (little ; a poor) appetite

食欲旺盛 have a strong (voracious) appetite

喪失食欲 lose one's apptite

空腹 an empty stomach

咀嚼 chewing ; mastication

吞咽 swallow gulp

吞咽困難 difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia

噯氣 打噎 belching ; eructation

打酸噎 sour eructation

心灼熱 heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash

逆流 regugitation

惡心 nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling

感到惡 feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting

嘔吐 vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew

嘔吐物 vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter

咖啡渣 coffee-grounds

消化 digestion

消化不良 indigestion ; dyspepsia

腹部飽脹 abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness

腹鳴 borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling

黃疸 jaundice ; icterus

腹水 ascites

通便 bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;

下痢 diarrhea ; loose bowels ;

便秘 constipation

水狀watery stool (feces)

血狀 bloody stool

柏油狀 tarry stool

泥狀 mushy stool

軟狀 loose stool

硬狀 hard stool

呈固狀 formed stool

呈半固狀 semiformed stool

大便失禁 fecal incontinence

放屁pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus

泌尿與生殖器官系統(tǒng)

排尿 urination ; micturition ; pass(void) urine ; urinate ; micturate

尿意 urge (desire ) to urinate

尿急 urinary urgency

頻尿 urinary frequency

夜間頻尿 frequent urination during the night ; nycturia

多尿 polyuria

少尿 oliguria

無(wú)尿 anuria

排尿困難 difficulty in urination ; dysuria

閉尿 urinary retention

尿失禁 urinary incontinence

夜間多尿 nocutria

夜尿癥 bed-wetting ; enuresis

混濁尿 cloudy (turbid) urine

血尿 bloody urine ; hematuria

性欲 sexual desire ; libido

性交 sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition

楊萎 impotence

勃起 erection

射精 ejaculation

早泄 premature ejaculation

遺精 pollution

夢(mèng)遺 nocturnal pollution(emission); wet dream

包莖 phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin (prepuce)

割禮 circumcision

性病 veneral disease (V.D.)

月經(jīng) menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods

初潮 menarche ; onset of menses

停經(jīng) menopause

更年期 climacteric ; changeof life

痛經(jīng) dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation

無(wú)月經(jīng) amenorrhea ; missed periods

月經(jīng)過(guò)多 menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow

白帶 vaginal discharge

陰道出血 vaginal bleeding

少量時(shí) yaginal spoting

子宮出血 metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding

妊娠 pregnancy ; conception

懷孕 conceive ; be pregnant

不妊 sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive

流產(chǎn) abortion ; miscarriage ;

人工流產(chǎn)induced abortion

避孕contraception; birth control

避孕藥 contraceptive

陣痛 labor

生產(chǎn) 分娩 childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered

坐月子 childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period

孕吐 morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy

骨關(guān)節(jié)與肌肉系統(tǒng)

脫臼 joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint

扭傷 sprain

挫傷 sprain (twist ; wrench )

關(guān)節(jié)炎 arthritis

風(fēng)濕癥 theumatism

痛風(fēng) gout (gaut)

關(guān)節(jié)痛 arthralgia ; joint pain

變形 deformity

骨折 fracture

石膏 cast ; plaster of Paris

義腿(肢) artificial limb

肌肉痛 muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle

扭筋 strain ; sprain

肩堅(jiān)硬 stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ; a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp

抽筋 have a cramp ; be cramped

肌肉壓痛 tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness

精神與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)

意識(shí)混濁 clouding of consciousness

喪失意識(shí) loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness

恢復(fù)意識(shí) recover consciousness

昏厥 fainting ; syncope

昏睡 soma

昏迷 stupor

嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy

錯(cuò)亂 confusion ; distracted ; distraught

膽妄的 delirious

幻覺(jué) hallucination

痙攣 convulsion ; cramp ; spasm

癲癇 epilepsy

半身不遂 be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic

肌無(wú)力 muscular weakness

步行困難 difficulty in walking

說(shuō)話不清 speak thickly

蹣跚 stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along

肌肉萎縮 atrophy of muscle

左手性 left-handedness

右手性 right-handedness

運(yùn)動(dòng)失調(diào) ataxia

無(wú)感覺(jué) loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia

失去感覺(jué) become numb ; loss sensibility

知覺(jué)過(guò)敏 hypersthesia

知覺(jué)遲鈍 hypesthesia

知覺(jué)異常 paresthesia

神經(jīng)質(zhì) nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy

神經(jīng)衰弱 nervous breaksown

意志消沉 depressed ; in low spirits

情緒佳 in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric

情緒不穩(wěn)定 unstable ; labile capricious

易受刺激 excitable ; easily excited ; irritable

不安的 anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy

內(nèi)向的人 introvert

外向的人 extrovert

健忘 be forgetful ; have a poor memory

漠不關(guān)心 indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned

自卑感 inferiority complex

歇斯底里病 hysteria

眼耳鼻咽喉

視力喪失 lose one's sight 9eyesight) ; become blind

失明 loss of vision ; blindness

視力減退 impairment of visual acuity ; impaired vision ; fogglness (dimness) of vision ; poor (defective) vision ; blurring

近視 near-sightedness ; myopia myopy

遠(yuǎn)視 far-sightedness ; hypermetrope ; hyperope

折射異常 refractive error

亂視 astigmatism

斜視 strabismus ; squint

復(fù)視 diplopia ; double vision

夜盲 night-blindness ; nyctalopia

盲點(diǎn) scotoma ; blind spot

眼睛疲勞 eyestrain

流淚過(guò)多 overflow of tears

異物感foreign body sensation ; a feeling of something ; grittiness ; sandiness

怕光 photophoia ; abnormal intolerance of light ; inability to stand light

結(jié)膜炎 conjunctivitis

砂眼 trachoma

聽(tīng)力減退 impaired hearing ; decreased hearing ; loss of hearing

重聽(tīng) be hard of hearing

耳聾 deaf

耳鳴 ringing of ears ; tinnitus

耳痛 earache ; otalgia

耳垢 cerumen ; erawax ;

中耳炎 otitis media ; inflammation of the middle ear

流鼻水 snivel ; run at the nose ; have a running nose ;

鼻傷風(fēng) sniffles ; snuffles ; head cold ; coryza

擤鼻涕 blow the nose ;

鼻聲 a nasal voice

鼻塞 nasal obstruction ; nasal stuffiness ; nasal blockage ; nasal congestion

鼻出血 nosebleed ; bleeding from the nose ; nasal hemorrhage ; epistaxis

鼻炎 rhinitis

扁桃 tonsil

扁桃炎 tonsillitis

齒痛 toothache

蛀齒 decayed tooth ; dental caries ; tooth caries ; tooth cavity

義齒 an artificial tooth

裝假牙 wear false teeth (a denture)

無(wú)齒 toothless ; edentulous

掉齒 lose a tooth ; come out

拔齒 pull out ; extract a tooth

齒齦 gums ; gingiva

皮膚

發(fā)疹 eruption ; rash ; exanthema ; exanthem

濕疹 eczema

蕁麻疹 urticaria ; hives

胎記 birth mark(紅斑)

青斑 bruise

黑斑 mole

水泡 welt ; wheal ;wale

頭皮屑 dandruff ; scurf

痂 scab ; curst ; slough

丘疹 pimple ; acne

香港腳 athlete's foot ; ringworm of the feet

痱子 prickly heat ; heat rash

龜裂 chaps ; cracks

糜爛 sore ; erosion ; festering

疣 warts

凍瘡 chilblain ; festering

尿布疹 diaper rash

黃癬 favus ; scaldhead

膿泡 impetigo

雀斑 freckles

曬斑 sunburn

騷養(yǎng) itching ; pruritus

騷養(yǎng)傷 scratch

生膿 fester ; form pus ; suppurate

滲出 exude ;ooze ; weep

股擦傷 have a thigh sore (chafing in the groin)

脫毛 loss of hair ; falling-out of hair

多毛癥 hirsutism

無(wú)毛 hairless ; bald ;

禿頭 baldness ; bald- headedness

禿頭癥 alopecia

十、診斷用具

stethoscope 聽(tīng)診器

sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) 血壓計(jì)

thermometer 體溫計(jì)

ophthalmoscope 撿眼鏡

otoscope 耳鏡

laryngeal mirror 喉鏡

flashlight 手電統(tǒng)

tongue depressor (tongue blade) 壓舌板

hammer (percussion hammer ; reflex hammer) 叩診錘

tuning fork 音叉

tape measure 卷尺

scale (ruler) 尺

loupe (magnifying glass ; hand lens) 放大鏡

rubber gloves 橡膠手套

finger cot 指套

vaginal speculum 陰道鏡